256 The Fruit-Growers Guide-Book 



or more names have been given in the same publication, 

 that which stands first shall have precedence. 



Revision 



Rule V. No properly published variety name shall be 

 changed for any reason, except conflict with this code, nor 

 shall another variety be substituted for that originally de- 

 scribed thereunder. 



Grafting and Budding 



Apples, pears and some other fruit and ornamental trees 

 are propagated by means of grafting. This is done in 

 many instances largely for the reason that the kind to be 

 increased does not come true from seed; and when done on, 

 large trees, it is for the purpose of changing the kind of 

 fruit produced by the top or to change the shape of the 

 top. Where young stock is grafted, it is generally done 

 by what is known as the "whip or tongue," and as this is 

 the most common style of grafting and most applicable to 

 the widest range of uses, it will be described. Where large 

 trees are to be worked over, the work is done by what is 

 known as "cleft grafting" and will be described under that 

 head. 



In grafting two things are necessary, first a lot of small 

 roots of the apple. The roots most commonly used are 

 from the one-year-old seedling trees. Next is a quan- 

 tity of "scions" or twigs of the current year's growth from 

 the trees that it is desired to increase. These scions 

 should be free from the old wood and taken from the trees 

 after the leaves have fallen, but before the wood freezes. 

 They may be kept for any length of time till ready to use 

 by packing them in damp sand or green sawdust in a cool 

 cellar, or even packed in the soil out of doors and covered 

 so as not to freeze. 



The grafting is best done in a cool living room or in a 

 cellar where the air is moist. It can be done at any time 

 during the winter, but best at sometime after January and 



