Making the Grafts 259 



or three times around the other end of the cut as in the be- 

 ginning. Fasten the end of the thread by drawing it 



Long and short twigs of apple before being made into 

 scions; a, short twigs from an old tree will make only one 

 scion each as at b; c, long twigs from thrifty trees; d, the 

 same twigs made into scions. 



