DESCRIPTION OF SOILS. 145 



is thoroughly rotten and fit for use, as the sun, 

 air, rain, &c., is of great benefit to it while in 

 a state of pulverization and decomposition, and 

 by preparing the compost annually, it will 

 always be ready for use; but in case there may 

 be a want of this previously prepared, some rich 

 mellow garden mould, some dry rotten dung, 

 with some light loam taken from near the sur- 

 face, being well mixed together, and sifted or 

 screened, may suffice for immediate use ; and if 

 the soil appears too strong, add a small portion 

 of light sandy opening mould, or some sea-sand 

 or drift. 



METHOD OF RAISING PINE PLANTS. 



Par. 3. Pines are propagated principally from 

 suckers growing out of the stems of the fruiting 

 plants, both from the lower part, and also from 

 some which will produce them near the apple, 

 or other parts of the stalk ; likewise the crowns 

 from the top of the ripe fruit, when they can be 

 preserved when sent to table, will make fine 

 strong plants, which should be taken from the 

 fruit with a gentle twist. The suckers may be 



