Irrigation 41 



drainage is usually good ; but heavy watering may 

 result in water-logging the land for a time to the 

 injury of the trees. 



Secondly : Short steep rows on sandy land. These 

 should be watered with a small stream running 

 along the furrows for a comparatively long time. 

 Watering with a large stream down steep slopes 

 soon washes the top soil away, causing deep gutters 

 to form, while the washed-out soil silts up the' fur- 

 rows further down the slope, so that the water 

 spreads there, and very little reaches the end of the 

 rows. A small stream will not cause this trouble, 

 but as by this means the quantity of water going 

 into the soil is not very great at any time ; the time 

 of watering must be extended to allow for this. 



Thirdly: Rows of moderate length and grade on 

 sandy slopes. Rows of 5 chains in length, with a 

 grade of about 9 inches to the chain, give very satis- 

 factory results in irrigating. These are best watered 

 with a moderate to large stream along the furrows, 

 and will give little or no trouble through silting. 

 The size of the stream to use depends not only on 

 the grade but also on the nature of. the land. The 

 sandier the land is, the more will it be absorbent of 

 moisture, and the longer will the water take to get 

 to the end of the rows. Therefore to get as nearly 

 as possible an even distribution of water over the 

 whole orchard it is necessary, other things being 

 equal, to make it a rule in irrigating to follow the 

 principle of the sandier the land the larger the 

 stream. 



Fourthly: Rows of moderate length with but 

 little grade on sandy land. These should be watered 

 with a large stream running along the furrows for 

 a comparatively short time, for to water such rows 

 with a moderate to small stream would cause the 



