174 Fruit-growing in Arid Regions 



well-prepared land. At the end of the first season, the 

 little trees are dug and the largest may be root-grafted 

 during the winter or planted in nursery rows to be budded 

 the following summer. The smaller sizes must be grown 

 another season before they are suitable for working. 



Dwarf apple trees are secured by top-working our com- 

 mon varieties on stocks of small-stature forms of apple. 

 There are two dwarf races or varieties used for this 

 purpose, known as the Paradise and the Doucin, both 

 of which are forms of the common apple. The Paradise 

 is mostly used, as it gives the smaller trees, they being 

 mere shrubs. The cions, being of much stronger growing 

 varieties, are not sufficiently nourished to enable them to 

 make a vigorous growth; consequently, the trees always 

 remain small, but most of them will require severe prun- 

 ing to prevent them from making a more vigorous growth 

 than is desired. 



No small amount of interest has been taken in recent 

 years in the possibility of combating woolly aphis by 

 propagation trees on Northern Spy roots, as this variety 

 is practically immune from attacks by this insect. Seed 

 from Northern Spy apples will not reproduce the variety ; 

 consequently other means must be resorted to. One 

 of the common methods is to graft a long Northern Spy 

 cion on a short piece-root. If planted deep, the cion 

 will send out roots; then the trees may be transplanted 

 at the end of the season, when the nurse-root is removed. 

 The foster-mother style of root-grafting may be used to 

 advantage for this purpose. The top of this tree may 

 be worked over to the desired variety, and the largest 

 lateral roots may be used for further propagation. 



