Varieties 227 



reach their highest development in the arid country if 

 the soil is adaptable; otherwise they are likely to be shy 

 bearers, the fruit undersized, or lacking in color. The 

 Esopus (Spitzenburg) and Newtown Pippin are apparent 

 exceptions to this rule, but as yet they are successfully 

 grown only in the vicinity of the Cascade Mountains 

 in the states of Oregon and Washington. 



Ben Davis should be left for the ordinary orchardist, 

 although it must be said that this much-maligned apple 

 has probably made more money for our growers than 

 any other one variety. But with the increasing cost of 

 box material and of labor it is doubtful whether we can 

 now afford to plant it, for it is a cheap apple. 



Adaptation of Varieties to Soils 



The adaptation of varieties to soils is a question of much 

 importance and one to which very little attention has been 

 given. Most varieties will grow and bear some fruit 

 on nearly all soils, but when we study the results, we 

 find that there is a marked difference in behavior of a 

 certain variety in the same locality. The effect of soil 

 on a product is best illustrated with the potato. This 

 crop is a failure in many parts of the inter-mountain 

 country, but paying crops may be grown in any locality, 

 if what we know as potato soil can be found in which to 

 grow them. The experienced farmer does not attempt 

 to grow potatoes commercially unless he knows that he 

 has "potato land." 



A study of the adaptation of varieties to soils indicates 

 that it is largely a question of the character of growth 

 of the variety. In the case of apples most varieties 



