Orchard Pests and their Control 367 



early spring sprays for the destruction of the over-winter lice on 

 the tree- tops, although we have not tested them in that way. 

 As they are not as successful for the destruction of the eggs of 

 the green apple aphis, and as the orchardist is likely to want to 

 destroy both of these lice at the same time if possible, it is prob- 

 able that the lime-sulfur sprays will become most popular for 

 early spring applications. 



To secure best results on the woolly aphis, the spring applica- 

 tion should be made fully a week or ten days before the apple 

 buds begin to open at all, and the trunk and crown of the tree 

 should be thoroughly drenched. Then as a final act for best 

 results, put Tanglefoot bands about the trunks of the trees so 

 that the lice at the roots cannot migrate to the top. 



In recent experiments large numbers of Tanglefoot bands 

 have been used. This material is put out by the O. and W. 

 Thum Co., Grand Rapids, Michigan, and is the sticky material 

 of the Tanglefoot fly-paper. When at all abundant upon the 

 trees, the newly born lice are much inclined to travel, and it is 

 often astonishing to see the number of lice that will be captured 

 in these bands. On the 7th of June, 1907, it was estimated that 

 bands that had been on since the preceding fall had as many as 

 100,000 lice each in many cases. The bands remain fresh for 

 several months and may be quickly freshened by rubbing a paddle 

 over them, if they become filled with insects and dirt. 



From observations recently made the indications are that 

 Tanglefoot will seriously injure trees if applied directly to the 

 trunks. A better way is to put a band of stout paper around 

 the trunk and then put the material upon that. A light band of 

 cheap cotton batting under the paper will prevent any lice from 

 passing under. 



The common notion that the woolly aphis may be killed by 

 heavy irrigation in winter is an error. It would be impossible to 

 keep a sufficient amount of water in the soil long enough to bring 

 about this result without doing serious injury to the trees. 



Brown Mite (Bryobia species). The brown or clover mite is 

 extremely small, and its presence is usually first detected by the 

 faded, sickly appearance of the apple foliage. The trees have 



