10 



FRUIT AND ITS CULTIVATION, 



Cider, the well-known beverage made from apples, is 

 reputed to have been first introduced into Britain by the 

 Phoenicians, who traded in tin with the Cornish folk. The 

 name is derived from the Anglo-Saxon ** sieder. " Apples 

 would, no doubt, be largely grown for producing this 

 beverage, and hence came the planting of orchards in 

 Devon, Somerset, Gloucester, Hereford, and Worcester 



Fig. 1. 

 A "MAIDEN" APPLE TREE. 



First year's growth after grafting. 

 A, where to prune in winter. 



Fig. 2. 

 A TWO-YEAR-OLD APPLE TREE. 



Result of pruning Fig. 1. m The bars 

 (B) show where to prune in winter. 



on a large scale. Then, when monasteries were estab- 

 lished, the monks, being keen gardeners, would naturally 

 grow apples and other hardy fruits, including the vine, 

 extensively. 



One of the oldest varieties grown in this country was the 

 Costard. It is the first to be mentioned in ancient records, 

 and appears to have been largely grown for sale in the 

 thirteenth century. The modern name of " costermonger," 



