THE APPLE. 



13 



the Crab. The roots of the Crab and the Seedling Apple 

 are strong and deep-rooting; hence they are not suited 

 for small trained trees, but only for standards, half- 



Fig-. 4. FOUR-YEAR-OLD APPLE TREE. 



Bars show the amount of pruning 1 each shoot requires in winter. 



standards, pyramids, and espaliers, that do not require 

 to be restricted in growth. 



For bush trees and cordons the most serviceable stock 

 is the Paradise. In England the Broad-leaved and the 

 Nonsuch Paradise stocks are chiefly used. These were 



