THE APPLE. 



17 



for each tree, and filled with good loam. Clay soils should 

 be trenched 3ft. deep, and have plenty of grit, decayed 

 refuse, and a little lime mixed with them. Soils of a 

 light character would be benefited by the addition of clay 

 and lime. Soils of a loamy nature will require no special 

 treatment, since they are well suited to the growth of the 

 apple. 



Aspect. The main point in this connection is shelter 

 from north and east winds. This is especially necessary 



Fig. 6. AN ESPALIER-TRAINED APPLE TREE. 



The tree is four years old. Note the fruit spurs forming 1 on the lower 

 branches. The short cross line on the main shoot shows where to prune to in 

 winter to secure two more new branches the next season. 



during the flowering period, as the blossom being some- 

 what tender is easily injured by cold. The apple usually 

 thrives best on land that slopes to the south, south-east, 

 or west, and sufficiently elevated to be out of the frost 

 line. Low-lying positions do not suit either the setting 

 of the fruit or the ripening of the wood. 



When to Plant. The best time to plant apples is during 

 October and November, whilst the soil still retains the 

 remnants of summer warmth. The roots then take kindly 

 to the soil, and soon establish themselves. But planting 



a 



