24 FRUIT AND ITS CULTIVATION. 



Summer Pruning. Summer pruning is practised on 

 trained trees, as pyramids, bushes, espaliers, and cordons, 

 but not standards. It is usually done in July and August, 



Fig 1 . 10. A TYPICAL STANDARD-TRAINED APPLE TREE. 



Pears, Plums, Cherries, and Walnuts are grown in a similar manner. Note 

 the tree has a well-balanced head with an open centre. 



and again in September. In the first instance all leading 

 shoots i.e., those that grow at the ends of the branches 

 should be permitted to grow about a foot in length, then 



