58 FRUIT AND ITS CULTIVATION, 



deep and 6 to 8ft., or even ioft. wide, for pyramid or 

 wall trees. Such holes must be filled with good turfy 

 loam, plentifully mixed with old mortar, or a little lime. 

 No manure should be added. 



Aspect. Standard and pyramid trees succeed best in 

 an open ' position on land sloping southwards. Fan- 

 trained and cordon trees may be grown on east, west, or 

 south walls. Of the three aspects the south is the best 

 for early sorts, and the east and west for the later ones. 

 Morellos do best on north walls. Cordons may also be 

 grown against low fences ; also on arches or trellises in 

 the open garden. Standard trees are not recommended 

 for garden culture, only for orchards where the soil is of a 

 good loamy nature. 



Distances to Plant. Cordons should be planted i85n. 

 to 2ft., pyramids 1 2ft., fan-trained trees 15 to 2oft. , and 

 standards 3oft. apart. 



Planting' The best time to plant is as soon as the 

 leaves have fallen i.e., from the end of October to the 

 end of November. See that bruised ends of roots are cut 

 off, and that the roots are moist before planting. Spread 

 out the roots evenly and to their full length in the holes, 

 and cover them with fine soil. Give the tree a gentle 

 shake to settle the soil about the roots; then add more 

 soil, and tread this down firmly. Add more soil, and 

 again tread; and so on, until the hole is filled. The roots 

 should be not deeper than 6in. The best guide to depth, 

 however, is the soil mark, or stain on the trunk showing 

 the depth the trees were in the ground when growing in 

 the nursery. Pyramids or standards should have a stout 

 stake fixed to each tree at the time of planting, and the 

 stem firmly secured to this. In the case of heavy 

 soils it is well to use some lighter mould for covering the 

 roots, thus encouraging young roots to form more quickly. 

 Finish off with a mulching of rotten manure. 



