140 



FRUIT AND ITS CULTIVATION. 



the Portugal have the preference. The Pear may be 

 worked upon the Apple and also the Hawthorn, but not 

 so successfully as on the Seedling Pear and the Quince. 



Soil. The Pear succeeds best in deep loamy soils, free 

 from stagnant moisture. Trees worked on the Pear stock 

 do not do well on shallow soils because of their deep- 

 rooting propensity. Heavy clays require trenching 3ft. 

 deep at least, and to have plenty of grit and decayed 



Fig. 53. A " PALMETTE VERRIER" TRAINED PEAR TREE. 



This form of training: is largely practiced in France and is a combination of the 

 Espalier and Vertical forms of training:. Suitable for lofty walls. 



refuse added to render them porous. Pears on the 

 Quince will thrive in any soil that is fairly rich and 

 not too heavy. 



Situation. Standards grown in the open require a 

 well-elevated but sheltered position. Owing to the trees 

 coming early into leaf and blossom, both are liable to be 

 injured by cold winds and frosts. In the North, and 

 even in the Eastern Counties, Pears do not succeed satis- 

 factorily in the open; they require the shelter of a wall. 



