270 FRUIT AND ITS CULTIVATION. 



Codling Moth (Carpocapsa pomenella). The caterpillar 

 of this moth attacks the interior flesh of the Apple, and 

 causes it to fall prematurely. The female lays one egg 

 on the side of the newly-formed fruit, generally at night. 

 As soon as the young caterpillar is born it crawls to the 

 eye of the fruit, and gradually eats its way into the 

 centre thereof. When it is fully grown the larva either 

 lets itself down by means of a silken web to the ground, or 

 escapes from the fallen fruit, and then ascends 

 the trunk, forms a cocoon in crevices of the bark, 

 and remains in this till spring; then pupates, and 

 appears in June as a moth. The larvae are 1 creamy- 

 white in colour. Grease-banding early in June will 

 trap the ascending larvae, and spraying the trees in 

 about ten days after, the petals have fallen with arsenate 

 of lead will destroy the ova and young larvae. (Fig. 126.) 



Apple Sucker (Psylla Mali). A small insect, about 

 l-iothto i-3rd-inch in length, greenish-yellow to brownish- 

 yellow in colour, which attacks the leaves, buds, and 

 blossoms of the Apple. In the former case leaves infested 

 with this pest become crinkled, shrivelled, and brown; 

 and in the latter one, the blossoms shrivel and turn 

 brown. Both sexes are winged, and they usually appear 

 between April and November. The female deposits her 

 eggs on the spurs and growth buds in autumn, and these 

 hatch out in late April or early May. The insects are very 

 agile in their habits, hopping off directly the leaves are 

 touched. Spraying with a wash composed of lime and 

 sulphur between February and the end of March appears to be 

 the best means of destroying the ova of this pest, and thus 

 preventing its later appearance. 



Winter Motk (Cheimatobia brumata). Several cater- 

 pillars, the larvae of moths, attack the foliage of the Apple, 

 and do much injury to the trees if very numerous. The 

 chief culprit is the larva of the Winter Moth (Cheimatobia 

 brumata). The female moth, which is wingless and greyish 

 in colour, is capable of laying as many as 350 eggs. The 



