FRUIT ENEMIES. 271 



moths appear between early October and early January, 

 and lay their eggs on the buds and the small shoots. The 

 eggs hatch early in spring, and the young larvae com- 

 mence to feed on the unfolding leaves ; later they spin the 

 leaves and flowers together, and feed on these, and still 

 later attack the young fruits. The caterpillars form their 

 bodies into a loop when moving, are of a greenish colour 

 with pale lines on their bodies, and usually measure about 

 an inch in length. They arrive at maturity in June, then 

 descend to the earth, enter the pupal stage, and appear 

 as moths between September and January. Grease-banding 

 the trunks about ift. from their base early in October, 

 and maintaining the grease in a fresh condition up to 

 mid-January, will trap the wingless females which attempt 

 to crawl up the trunk to lay their eggs. Should cater- 

 pillars appear, directly their presence is observed, spray 

 the trees with an arsenate of lead solution when the 

 leaves begin to unfold, and again about ten days after 

 tfee trees have shed their blossoms. The larvae of the 

 Mottled Umber Moth (Hybernia defoliaria), creamy-yellow 

 and chestnut-brown in colour, appear about the same time, 

 and do similar damage to those of the Winter Moth. The 

 March Moth (Anisopteryx aescularia) has green or 

 greenish-yellow larvae, about an inch in length when full 

 grown, which appear in April, and defoliate the trees. 

 The remedies in both cases are those advised for the Win- 

 ter Moth ; but in that of the March Moth the grease-bands 

 must be kept on the trees till April. The females are 

 wingless. 



Lackey Moth (Clissiocampa neustria). This moth, both 

 sexes of which are winged, appears between July and Sep- 

 tember, and the female lays her eggs in bands around 

 shoots of the current year's growth. These bands may be 

 readily detected. Late in April the larvae appear, spin a 

 web over a cluster of leaves, and in the earlier stages of 

 their existence feed under the protection of this. Later, 

 however, they roam about the foliage, returning to their 



