SPRAYING FRUIT TREES. 343 



open, and again just after the petals fall, never whilst the 

 bloom is actually open. Any of the above washes can 

 be used alone, or any two combined, or all three together, 

 according to the enemies present. Suppose spraying is 

 being done against Aphides, young caterpillars, and fun- 

 goid disease, the combined wash would be as follows : 

 Tobacco extract, lolb. ; arsenate of lead paste, 4lb. ; 

 Woburn Bordeaux paste, 61b. to 81b. ; water, 100 gallons. 

 If no caterpillars are present at the first spraying, omit 

 the arsenate of lead ; if no Aphides, omit the tobacco, etc. 

 When the spraying is only for fungoid diseases, Bor- 

 deaux mixture is used alone. The grower can only 

 tell from his previous year's experience whether he needs 

 to spray against fungoid diseases, such as Scab and 

 Brown Rot, as it is done as a preventive rather than a 

 remedy. 



Summer Spraying. In a good season the grower may 

 find no further spraying necessary. If, however, he is 

 fighting Apple or Pear Scab, he is certain to want one 

 more spraying with Bordeaux mixture two or three weeks 

 after the second. He can then add the other ingredients 

 if required for insect pests at the same time. 



Again, some seasons prove very bad for Aphis attack, 

 and repeated sprayings of tobacco wash may be neces- 

 sary. It is very important to take this pest early, par- 

 ticularly the leaf-curling species, as once these are curled 

 up in the leaves they cannot be reached, and little good 

 results from spraying. Large growers sometimes find 

 the tobacco wash too expensive, although there is nothing 

 better. For them we can recommend the following from 

 experience: Quassia chips, lolb. ; soft soap, lolb. ; water, 

 100 gallons. Boil the quassia with half the soap and 

 some water for an hour; then with the rest of the soap 

 and some more water for another hour. Finally mix the 

 two solutions, and make up to 100 gallons with water. 

 This wash may be substituted for tobacco in any of the 

 combined washes already recommended. 



