QUENOUILLE STANDARDS. 



attained the height of from six to twelve feet before the branches 

 were bent down ; but the effect of this was to cover the shoots 

 with blossom buds, and to produce the most extraordinary crops." 



To produce Quenouille 

 standards, plant a young 

 tree, three or four feet 

 high, and, after the first 

 summer's growth, head 

 back the top, and cut-in 

 the side branches, as re- 

 presented by the dotted 

 lines, on a, Fig. 16. The 

 next season the tree will 

 shoot out three or four 

 tiers of side branches, ac- 

 cording to its strength. 

 The lowest should be 

 left about eighteen inches 

 from the ground, and, by 

 pinching off superfluous 

 shoots, others may be 

 made to grow pretty re- 

 At the end of this season 



> 



"* 



a o 



Fig. 16. Quenouille or conical training, pro- 

 gressive stages. 



gularly, so as not to crowd the head, 

 head back the leader as in &, to 

 strengthen the side shoots. Next 

 season a fresh series of lateral shoots 

 will be produced, four or five of 

 which may be kept every year ; and 

 the third or fourth year, the lower 

 branches may be bent down in mid- 

 summer, c, and kept in a pendulous 

 position for a year or two, by tying 

 them to stakes driven in the ground, 

 or to the main stem. This success- 

 ive growth at the top, and arrange- 

 ment of the limbs below, must be 

 continued till the requisite height 

 say ten feet is attained, when all the 

 branches assuming their final fonn, 

 the tree will resemble Fig. 17. A 

 moderate pruning to produce new 

 wood, and the occasional tying in of 

 a rambling shoot, will be all that is 

 required. The French quenouille J^.IT. Conical or 

 training is performed with dwarf training, complete. 



stocks, but the trees are more thrifty and durable when grafted 

 on their own stocks, and kept within proper bounds by root pru- 

 ning, after Mr. Kivers's method, explained in a previous page. 



