PEPYS' DIARY. 49 



Richard III., he makes Glo'ster say to Queen 



iNIargaret : 



Ere you were Queen, ay, or your husband King, 

 I was a pack-horse in his great affairs. 



Pack-horses are made use of to this day in all moun- 

 tainous countries, and in all countries that are unpro- 

 vided with roads suitable for the passage of wheeled 

 vehicles. 



In many parts of Poland and Hungary, distant 

 from commercial centres or water communication, the 

 value of the crops was, until lately, seriously diminished 

 by the condition of the roads. 



It would be very wearisome were I to make 

 reference to the various Acts which have been passed 

 by Parliament relating to roads, particularly as writers 

 contradict one another. 



Pepys, in his diary (written in the reign of 

 Charles II.), speaks frequently of journeys under- 

 taken by himself and others. On the 26th of August, 

 1663, he says : 



" To Whitehall, where the court full of waggons and 

 horses, the King and Court going this day out toward 

 Bath." Then, again, he speaks of a journey he under- 

 took, with his wife and maid-servant, to Oxford, 

 Salisbury, Bath, and Bristol, riding some part of the 

 way, and driving when possible. W^hen riding, it is 

 evident that the women rode pillion — that is, behind 

 the men. He also speaks of Lady Castlemaine, when 

 in town, calling her coach at a quarter of an hour's 

 notice, and going off to Richmond. On the 25th of 

 January, 1665, he says: "With our coach of four 

 horses to Windsor, and so to Cranborne." Now, 

 Cranborne is in Dorsetshire, and is distant ninety-three 

 miles from London. On the 26th he journeys ro 



£ 



