364 HIGHWAYS AND HORSES. 



with yellow body and red wheels. This can be made 

 still more ridiculous if the liveries of the coachman and 

 footman on the box are not in character one with the 

 other. But to apologise for this digression, and to 

 return to the A B C of coach-building, and what is 

 necessary for the execution of a drawing, it must 

 be remembered that before a drawing to scale can 

 be made suitable to work to, it is necessary that the 

 carriage architect provide himself with suitable draw- 

 ing instruments, a properly constructed drawing-board, 

 and all the necessary paraphernalia of a draughtsman. 

 In executing a diagram to scale of a carriage, the 

 elevation is drawn, commencing from a horizontal line, 

 this is the first scale-draught ; there is also a process 

 called French, or square rule, where not only the 

 elevation of the carriage appears, but also the laying- 

 out of the under-carriage in the form of a plan, which 

 gives the circle described by the wheels when turning ; 

 although this is not always the case, the wheels are 

 frequently left out, but the elevation of the body 

 and the plan of the body are frequently draughted 

 in these diagrams. What is called the working- 

 draught is similar to the last-mentioned plan, and the 

 drawing on the blackboard differs from these in no 

 respect save that the drawing is now to the full size. 



The different branches of coach-building as com- 

 monly practised are : Wheel-making, carriage-making, 

 (which means the under-carriage), and body-making, 

 which includes smith's work, painting, and trimming. 

 The carriage, as already described, is the framework 

 which is necessary to support the body, or shell, of 

 the machine ; this branch is considered next in import- 

 ance to the body-making, and, in fact, in the know- 

 ledge of these two may be said to consist the art 

 of coach-making. 



