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T'hese volcanoes are found in all parts of the earth .-* In 

 Europe there are three that are very remarkable ; jEtiia in Sici- 

 ly, Vesuvius in Italy, and Hecla in Iceland. iEtna has been a 

 volcano for ages immemorial. Its eruptions are very violent, 



• A great chain of ignivomous mountains stretches around the great ocean. 

 Terra del Fuego, Chili, Peru, all the chain of the Ai.des, are full of volcanoes. 

 We distinguish in Peru, those of Arequipa and of Pitchinca ; and that of Colo 

 Paxi, whose flames in 1733, rose higher than 2000 feet, and v/hose explosion 

 was heard at the distance of 120 leagues, if we may give credit to the Span- 

 iards. Chiraboraco, the highest mountain of the globe, is an extinguished 

 volcano ; and there are a great many others. Humboldt has seen the sraoUe 

 of ."Vntisand rise 19,000 feet. If we pass the isthmus of Panama, we find the 

 volcanoes of Nicaragua and of Guatimala. Their number is inlinite : there 

 are some which are covered with perpetual snow, and which consequently 

 are elevated to a great height. — Then come those of Mexico, properly so 

 called; namely, Orizaba, Popocateipetl, 16,626 feet high; Jorullo, which 

 first broke out in 1759, and several others, all situate under the 19th parallel 

 of latitude. California contains five volcanoes, that are now burning. 

 There can be no doubt, according to the accounts of Cook, la Perouse, and 

 Malaspitia, that there is a number of very considerable volcanoes on the north, 

 west of America. Mount Saisit Elie is nearly 16,800 in height ; these vol- 

 canoes form the intermediate link between those of Mexico and those in the 

 Aleutian islands, and the peninsula of Alaschka. These last, which are very 

 numerous, both extinct and burning, serve to continue the chain towards 

 Kamschatka, where there are three of great violence. Japan has eight ; 

 and the island of Torraoso has several. The volcanic belt now becomes ira. 

 mensely wide, and embraces the Philippine islands, the Marian or La. 

 drones, the Moluccas, Java, Sumatra, the isles of Queen Charlotte, the 

 new Hebrides, and, in short, all that vast Archipelago which forms the 

 fifth part of the globe. The other volcanic chains are far from being 

 of 60 great extent. There is perhaps one in the Indian Sea. The islands 

 of Saint Paul and Amsterdam, the formidable volcano in the island of 

 iJourbou, and the jets of hot water in the island of Madagascar, are the only 

 known links of this chain. The gulf of Arabia flows at the base of the vol- 

 cano of Gebel- Tar. The neighbourhood of the Dead Sea, and the whole chain 

 of mountains which runs through Syria, have been the theatre of volcanic 

 eruptions. We may be allowed to connect these two facts. A vast volcanic 

 •/one surrounds Greece, Italy, Germany, and France. The celebrated revolu. 

 lions of the Grecian Archipelago, and those new islands produced by sub- 

 marine explosions, are well known. The summits of Mount jEtna are next 

 descried; this mountain has burnt for 3300 years, and it is surrounded by 

 •extinguished volcanoes which appear much more ancient. Tlie islands of 

 I^ipari seem to owe their origin to the volcanoes which they contain. Vesu. 

 vius has not always been the only ignivomous mountain in the kingdom of 

 Kiiples, another still larger, but extinguished, has been discovered near 

 liDCca Fina. The Solfatara is ranked under the same class. The Ponce 

 jsiauds, or island of Ponza, are of volcanic origin ; the catacombs of Kome 

 are excavations from the lava. Tuscany abounds in hot and sulphureous 

 6;)rings, and other indications of volcanoes. Arduini observed ia the envi. 



