ANIMALS. 39d 



They live upon horse flesh, and that of camels, either raw or a 

 little sodden between the horse and the saddle. They eat also 

 fish dried in the sun. Their most usual drink is mares' milk, 

 fermented with millet ground into meal. They all have the 

 head shaven, except a lock of hair on the top, which they let 

 grow sufficiently long to form into tresses, on each side of the 

 face. The women, who are as ugly as the men, wear their hair, 

 which they bind up with bits of copper, and other ornaments 

 of a like nature. The majority of these nations have no religion, 

 no settled notions of morality, no decency of behaviour. They 

 are chiefly robbers ; and the natives of Dagestan, who live near 

 their more polished neighbours, make a traflic of Tartar slaves 

 who have been stolen, and sell them to the Turks and the Per- 

 sians. Their chief riches consist in horses, of which perhaps 

 there are more in Tartary than in any other part of the world. 

 The natives are taught by custom to live in the same place with 

 their horses, they are continually employed in managing them, 

 and at last bring them to such great obedience, that the horse 

 seems actually to understand the rider's intention. 



To this race of men, also, we must refer the Chinese and the 

 .Japanese, however different they seem in their manners and 

 ceremonies. It is the form of the body that we are now prin- 

 cipally considering; and there is, between these countries, a 

 surprising resemblance. It is in general allowed, that the 

 Chinese have broad faces, small eyes, flat noses, and scarce any 

 beard ; that they are broad and square-shouldered, and rather 

 less in stature than Europeans. These are marks common 

 to them and the Tartars, and they may, therefore, be considered 

 as being derived from the same originah " I have ob.served," 

 says Chardin, " that in all the people from the east and the 

 north of the Caspian sea, to the peninsula of Malacca, that the 

 lines of the face, and the formation of the visage, are the same. 

 Tills has induced me to believe, that, all these nations are deriv ■ 

 ed from the same original, however different either their com- 

 plexions, or their manners may appear ; for as to the comidexioii, 

 that proceeds entirely from the climate and the food ; and as to 

 the maimers, these are generally the result of their diflferent 

 degrees of wealth or power." That they come from one stock, 

 is evident also from this, that the Tartars who settle in China, 

 (juickly lesemble the Chinese j and, on the contrary, the Chinese 



