526 HisroHV of 



But the differences in the size of tins animal are not so re- 

 markable as those which are found in its form, its hair, and its 

 horns. The difference is so very extraordinary in many of them, 

 that they have been even considered as a different kind of crea- 



quick, persevering, extremely docile, and governed bj- the voice or a whistle 

 of the owners with surprising intelligence. They thrive most on the Znnie 

 Velden or saline pastures, and that kind of food may cause the peculiarly 

 fetid smell of their breath, noticed by Mr Barrow. 'I'he long horns of some 

 of this breed are often trained by the Namaguas and other tribes, so as to 

 twist in spiral curves or other fanciful forms, said to be maniiged by means 

 of a warm iron. 



Denmark rears a breed of large stature, which most likely produced the 

 tall Dutch race, of which we have seeu one weighing a thousand pounds ; 

 from this race sprung the Holstein, which was tlie parent of the old uiiim. 

 proved Englisli breeds ; the Vandals or Goths may have conducted it into 

 Spain, and left its traces in the large breeds of Salamanca, and transported 

 from thence to South America, furnished the root of the fine races which 

 cover the Pampas, near Buenos Ay res, and iu Cuba; while the large English 

 supplied that of the United States. 



Breeds with small and middle-sized horns exist in the Crimea, in a great 

 part of Germany, Sweden, France, England, Italy, and Spain ; and the Polled 

 races, or hornless cattle, originally, as it would appear, a German breed, 

 " ne armentis quidem honor aut gloria frontis," according to Tacitus, have 

 spread to Iceland and Norway, where they are often fed on dried fish. They are 

 now abundant in Scotland, exist in France, and about Penaranda, in Spain, 

 from whence they may have been transported to form the Polled breed of As. 

 Bomption iu Paraguay. They are also common in Abyssinia and Madagascar. 



The following is a short account of the principal British breeds, derived 

 from the several above-noticed races. 



1. Tne Long-horned or Lancaster hreei, distinguished by long horns and 

 thick firm hides, long close hair, large hoofs, and depth of the fore-quarter, give 

 in proportion less railk but more cream. They are of various colours, but in 

 general finched, that is, with a white streak along the spine, and a white 

 Bpot inside of the houghs. The Improved Leicester is a slight variety origi- 

 nally bred at Canly near Coventry. 



2. The Short-horned, sometimes called the Dutch, includes the varieties 

 named the Holderriess, Teeswater, Yorkshire, Durham,and Northumberland' 

 This has been the most improved, produces railk, usually twenty.four 

 quarts per day, and butter to three firkins per season. Their colours are 

 much varied, but generally red and white mixed, or what the breeders call 

 Aeeked. The oxen commonly weigh from sixty to one hundred stone 

 (foiu-teen pound to the stone) ; they have been fed to one hundred and 

 twenty, one hundred and thirty, and particular ones to one hundred and fifty 

 stone, the fore-quarters ouly. 



3. The Middle-horned, comprehending the Dei'on, Hereford, and Sussex, 

 most esteemed for draught, active and hardy, do not milk so well as the for. 

 iner, but fatten early. The Devons to be pure, must be of a high red colour 

 without white spots, a light dun ring round tlie eye, and the muzzle of the 

 tame colour ; tine iu bone, and clear neck ; thin faced, the tail set on higib 



