ILLUSTRATIONS AND FIGURES. 



FIG. PAGE 



1. Beckmann's freezing point apparatus . . . . . . 8 



2. Beckmann's thermometer . . . . . . . . 8 



3. Arrangement of tubes in Comparator . . . . . . 20 



4. Cole and Onslow's Comparator . . . . . . . . 21 



5. Dreyer's dropping pipette . . . . . . . . 23 



6. Paraffined bottle for storing standard alkali . . . . 25 



7. Reflux condenser . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 



8. Distillation in vacuo . . . . . . . . . . 73 



9. Connexions of vacuum pump . . . . . . . . 74 



10. Saturation with dry hydrochloric acid gas . . . . 75 



11. Buchner funnel and filtering flask . . . . . . 76 



12. Removal of hydrogen sulphide by air current. . . . 90 



13. Distillation in vacuo with Claisen flask .. .. .. 99 



I3a. Apparatus for Benedict's method . . . . . . 128 



14. Burette with accessory tip . . . . . . . . 130 



15. Apparatus for maintaining a standard heating power 136 



16. Filtering apparatus for reduced copper. . . . . . 137 



17. Curve of copper values for glucose . . . . . . 138 



18. Curve of copper values for lactose . . . . . . 140 



19. Crystal of calc spar . . . . . . . . . . 143 



20. Refraction in a Nicol's prism . . . . . . . . 144 



21. Arrangement of a simple polarimeter . . . . . . 144 



22. Plan of a three-field polarimeter . . . . . . 145 



23. Appearance of field of polarimeter . . . . . . 145 



24. Model of carbon atom . . . . . . . . . . 148 



25. Two superposable models . . . . . . . . 149 



26. Model of an asymmetric carbon atom . . . . . . 149 



27. Plane of symmetry of model . . . . . . . . 150 



28. Meig's method of fat extraction . . . . . . . . 170 



29. Automatic measuring apparatus .. .. .. .. 191 



