110 STUDY AND IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIA 



II. Cultures in litmus milk. LILAC. 

 A. Nonmotile bacilli. 



1. No gas generated in glucose or lactose bouillon. 



(a) Haemorrhagic septicaemia group. These are oval bacilli with tend- 

 ency to bipolar staining. 



Colonies smaller and less opaque than those of B. coli. 



Examples: B. pestis, B. suisepticus, B. cholerae gallinarum (chicken 



cholera). 



B. pseudotuberculosis rodentium (very similar to plague). 



B. pestis is absolutely nonmotile, does not liquefy gelatin, does not 



produce indol, produces slight acid in glucose but not in lactose 



bouillon. 



(b) Dysentery group. Colonies similar to those of B. coli. 

 Divided into two classes according as mannite is acted on : 

 Those not giving acid nonacid group (Shiga-Kruse). 

 Those giving acid acid group (Flexner-Strong). 



2. Gas generated in glucose bouillon not in lactose. 



(a) Friedlander group. Give very viscid, porcelain-like colonies. 

 Tendency to capsule formation in favorable media. 

 Examples: B. pneumonias, B. capsulatus mucosus, B. rhinoscleroma 

 B. Motile bacilli. 



1. Do not liquefy gelatin. 



(a) Do not produce gas in either glucose or lactose bouillon. 

 Typhoid, or Eberth group. No indol. No coagulation of milk. No 

 reduction of neutral red. 



(b) Gas generated in glucose, not in lactose media. Milk not coagulated. 

 Neutral red reduced. 



Gartner group. This includes: 



Pathogenic types for man; as B. enteritidis, B. icteroides, B. para- 

 typhoid B, B. psittacosis. Nonpathogenic for man; as B. cholerae 

 suum (hog cholera). 



2. Liquefy gelatin. 



(a) Proteus group. Colonies at first round later amoeboid, spreading. 

 Produce gas in glucose, not in lactose. Produces foul odor. 

 B. zopfii type of Proteus group does not liquefy gelatin; colonies at first 

 round, later amoeboid, spreading. Foul odor in cultures. Gelatin 

 stab shows lateral branching. 



NOTE. The Friedlander and the lactis aerogenes group, differ culturally chiefly 

 in carbohydrate fermentation activities and organisms considered as belonging 

 to the Friedlander group rather than to the lactis aerogenes group may show acid 

 in litmus milk. Where an organism having the characteristics of B. coli, but fer- 

 menting saccharose, is found, it is termed B. coli communior. A nongas producing 

 colon type organism has been designated B. coli anaerogenes. Certain organisms 

 which turn litmus milk lilac and which liquefy gelatin, but do not produce gas in 

 sugar media, belong to the "Booker" group. Other organisms which acidify and 

 coagulate litmus milk but do not liquefy gelatin or produce gas in glucose or lactose 

 media have been placed in the "Bienstock" group. The proteus or Hauser group is 







