TYPHOID BACILLI IN THE BLOOD 



121 



olysis takes place other than in the blood we have various suppurative 

 processes. As a result of the formation of antibodies, the development 

 in spleen, etc., is checked but should. these immunity reactions become 

 less potent relapses may occur or various local infections manifest 

 themselves. 



As the bacilli do not multiply to any extent in the blood itself the disease cannot 

 be considered as a typical septicaemia but as a bacterisemia. 



Animals are not susceptible to typhoid fever with the possible exception of the 

 higher apes. Of course the injection of living or dead cultures may kill an animal 

 but there are no characteristic localizing symptoms. 





FIG. *<;. Bacillus of typhoid fever, stained by Loffler's method to show flagella. 



(Xiooo.) (Williams.} 



Typhoid bacilli can be isolated from the blood during the latter 

 period of incubation and rarely after the tenth day of the disease. It 

 is a practical point that the time to isolate the bacteria from the blood 

 is in the first days of the attack. The diagnosis by agglutination is 

 only expected after the seventh to tenth day. Agglutination may not 

 appear until during convalescence, and in about 5% of the cases it is 

 absent. It, as a rule, disappears within a year. 



Very little success has been obtained with curative sera. Chantamesse, by 

 treating horses with a nitrate from cultures of typhoid bacilli on splenic pulp and 

 human defibrinated blood, claimed to have obtained a curative serum possessing 



