YAWS 



263 



syphilis, tabes and general paresis. (3) The Wassermann test, using the cerebro- 

 spmal fluid instead of blood-serum. (4) The colloidal gold test of Lange These 

 various examinations of spinal fluid are taken up in detail in chapter on cytodiagnosis 

 and spinal fluid examinations. 



T. pertenue. An organism of similar morphology was first reported 

 by Castellani as present in yaws. It is found in smears and sections as 

 with T. pallidum. 



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FIG. 61. Binucleata, (Haemoflagellata and Haemosporozoa). i. Schizotrypanum 

 cruzij (a) Merozoite just entering r.b.c.; (b) fully developed trypanosome form in 

 blood; (c) form found in intestine Conor hinus; {d) form in salivary gland of Conor hi- 

 nus; (e) merocyte from the schizogenous cycle in lungs. 2. Leishmania donovani; 

 Parasites from spleen smear, free and packed in phagocytic cell; (b) and (c) flagel- 

 late forms from cultures. 3. Trypanosoma gambiense. 4. Plasmodium vivax; (a) 

 young schizont; (b) uninfected red cell; (c) red cell, punctate basophilia; (d) merocyte; 

 (e) macrogamete; (/") adult schizont. 5. Plasmodium malaria; (a) half-grown 

 schizont showing equatorial band; (b) macrogamete; (c) merocyte; (d) young 

 schizonts. 6. Plasmodium falciparum; (a) red cell showing multiple infection; (b) 

 young ring from; (c) crescent; (d) young schizont on periphery of r.b.c. 7. (a) 

 Treponema pallidum; (b) Spirochceta refringens. 8. Treponema pertenue. 



A point of distinction between these spirochaetes is that the T. pallidum is found 

 in abundance in sections from a chancre about the thickened arteries in the corium, 

 while in sections from a yaws nodule the T. pertenue is found chiefly in the region 

 of the interpapillary pegs of the Malpighian layer of the epidermis where they bound 

 the papillary layer of the corium. 



