3 6 4 



THE MOSQUITOES 



short and inconspicuous. The antennae have n joints but are rather shoi 

 One species, the S. damnosum, known, by the natives of Uganda as "Mbwa," is 

 greatly dreaded; its bites causing swellings and sores. Sambon has considered 

 Simulium reptans as the transmitting agent of pellagra. 



3. Psychodidse or Moth Midges. These are small, hairy, slender midges, with 

 long legs and a short proboscis. The antennae are long, hairy and consist of 12 to 1 6 

 joints. Palpi four jointed. They are only about J^2 inch in length. The hairy 

 wings have numerous longitudinal veins. Some, as Phlebotomus, have an enlongated 

 proboscis and are vicious blood suckers. 



FIG. 90. Mosquito-like insects belonging to families Chironomidae, Simulidae 

 and Psychodidae. (i) Phlebotomus papatasii; (2) P. papatsii (natural size); (3) 

 P. papatasii (larva) ; (4) P. papatasii larva (natural size) ; (5) Ceratopogon pulicaris; 

 (6) C. pulicaris (natural size); (7) Chironomus larva; (8) Attitude of a Simulium; 

 (9) Simulium reptans; (10) Larvae of Simulium. 



At present, of the genera of the three families of midges, only Phle- 

 botomus is known to transmit disease. P. papatasii transmits phle- 

 botomus fever in the Balkans. P. minutus is the host at Aden. 

 Another species, P. perniciosus can transmit the disease. These moth 

 midges are 2 mm. in length and have the body densely covered with 

 long yellow hairs. The second longitudinal vein has three distinct 

 branches. The antennae have 16 constricted joints and the proboscis 

 is as long as the head. The species of Phlebotomus are separated by 



