396 URINARY SEDIMENTS 



irlincrc 



Eggs of Schistosoma hcematobium (bilharziosis) are important diagnostic findings; 

 these are terminal-spined. Those of rectal bilharziosis are, as a rule, lateral-spined. 



In chylous urine the filarial embryos may be found. This exami- 

 nation is facilitated by centrifugalization. 



The eggs of the E. gigas may be recognized in urinary sediment by their pitted 

 appearance. 



The vinegar eel may be found in the urine of females who have used vaginal 

 douches of vinegar. 



Echinococcus booklets, scolices, or laminated membrane have been found in the 

 urine. 



The larval dibothriocephalid, Sparganum mansoni, has been reported three times 

 in urine (urethra). 



Oxyuris from the vagina may be found in urine. 



Various mites may be found in urinary sediment as the result of lack of care 

 the washing of the receptacle and are entirely accidental. 



ics 



: 



Unless having the characteristics of the itch mite and in a persoi 

 showing scabies lesions about the genital organs the diagnosis of the 

 mite as A. scabiei should not be made. 



Crystals of biliverdin may be found in the urinary sediment in marked jaundice. 

 They somewhat resemble crystals of tyrosin but are brownish in color while those 

 of tyrosin are black. Furthermore, it is excessively rare to find crystals of leucin 

 and tyrosin in the urinary sediments, and in such diseases as acute yellow atrophy of 

 the liver, the urine should be concentrated to one-tenth its volume and the residue 

 treated with alcohol. The tyrosin crystalline sheaves and the leucin striated 

 globules crystallize out from the alcohol. 



URINARY SEDIMENTS 



Turbidity of the urine is most often due either to bacterial contamination, amo 

 phous urates (sedimentum lateritium) or phosphates. 



Urates go into solution upon heating and phosphates upon the addition of a few 

 drops of acetic acid. 



In turbidity due to bacteria contaminating the urine subsequent 

 to its passage it is best to call for another sample. 



To preserve urinary sediments formalin is the best for casts and epithelial ce 

 while for general use one may employ a piece of camphor or the addition of o 

 volume of saturated borax solution to four volumes of urine. 



Chloroform does not answer for sediments as it does for urine to be examined 

 chemically. To take up a sediment insert a pipette to the bottom of the tube with 

 the opposite opening closed by a finger, then tease the sediment into the pipet 

 opening in the centrifuge tube, by manipulating the fingers. 





