APPENDIX 477 



For a working disinfectant solution add i pound to 4 gallons of water. This 

 is satisfactory for mopping floors and for disinfecting faeces, sputum and urine, 

 equal parts of the excreta and disinfecting solution being mixed and allowed to stand 

 for one hour. For disinfection of drinking water one teaspoonful of chlorinated 

 lime to i pint of water makes a stock disinfectant. For use one teaspoonful of 

 this stock solution is added to .2 gallons of the drinking water to be disinfected. 

 Let stand at least one-half hour. 



Eusol. A solution containing 0.5% hypochlorous acid and known as eusol has 

 been highly recommended in the treatment of gas gangrene wounds. To make it 

 put 27 grams chlorinated lime (bleaching powder) in a Winchester quart flask and 

 cover with a liter of water. After thorough shaking add 27 grams of boric acid. 

 After shaking the mixture should stand for a few hours and then be filtered through 

 cotton wool. The clear solution is eusol. It must be kept in tightly closed bottles. 



INSECTICIDES 



The following notes are taken chiefly from the U. S. P. H. Service directions. 



Sulphur Dioxide obtained as described above destroys all animal life. 



In the case of vessels, when treated for yellow fever infection, the process shall 

 be a simultaneous fumigation with sulphur dioxide, 2% volume gas, and two hours' 

 exposure in order to insure the destruction of mosquitoes. 



In the case of vessels when treated for plague the process with sulphur dioxide 

 shall be as follows: 



Without cargo: The simultaneous fumigation with sulphur dioxide gas not less 

 than 2% for six hours' exposure. 



With cargo: Fumigation with sulphur dioxide gas, 4%, six to twelve hours' 

 exposure, according to stowing. 



Infected vessels may require partial or complete discharge of cargo, and frac- 

 tional fumigation for efficient deratization. 



Pyrethrum. The fumes of burning pyrethrum may be used to destroy mos- 

 quitoes in places where there are articles liable to be injured by the use of sulphur. 



Four pounds per 1000 cubic feet space for two hours' exposure will kill all, or 

 practically all, of the mosquitoes but precautions should be taken to sweep up and 

 destroy any that may have escaped. 



Pyrethrum stains walls, paper, etc. 



The Oxides of Carbon, as used at Hamburg, are efficient to destroy rats but do 

 not kill fleas or other insects. They are obtained by burning carbon, coke, or char- 

 coal, in special apparatus, and the gas as produced consists of about 5% carbon 

 monoxide, 18% carbon dioxide, and 77% nitrogen. 



Twenty kilos of carbon, coke, or charcoal are used for every 1000 meters of 

 space. The gas is allowed to remain in the ship for two hours and from seven to 

 eight hours are allowed for it to leave it. This is about equivalent to i K pounds 

 of carbon (coke) to 1000 cubic feet of air space. As this gas is very fatal to man and 

 gives no warning of its presence, being odorless, a small amount of sulphur dioxide 

 should be added to give warning of its presence. As it does not kill fleas it cannot 

 be depended on for complete work, where there is evidence of plague among rats 

 on the vessel, as the infected fleas would infect the rats coming aboard after the 

 deratization. 



