478 APPENDIX 



The articles named as disinfectants which can obviously destroy animal life can 

 be used for that purpose when applicable, as steam for bedding, fabrics, etc. For- 

 maldehyde is not applicable for this purpose. 



Pulicides. For fleas the best insecticides are (i) crude petroleum (fuel oil) which 

 is at times called Pesterine, (2) an emulsion of kerosene oil made as follows: kerosene 

 20 parts, soft soap i part and water 5 parts. The soap is dissolved in the water by 

 aid of heat and the kerosene oil gradually stirred into the hot mixture. 



For cockroaches there is nothing so good as sodium fluoride. By sprinkling the 

 powder about the haunts of the cockroaches they are gotten rid of in a few days. 



Pediculicides . Owing to their great importance in transmitting typhus fever 

 and relapsing fever the destruction of human lice is a vital consideration. 



While the body louse is the important transmitting agent, the head louse and pos- 

 sibly the crab louse should also be destroyed. 



The subject of pediculosis has been much discussed on account of its importance 

 among the troops in the European war. In Shipley's book on the "Minor Horrors 

 of War" the following methods of destroying lice are given. Fernet gives the follow- 

 ing instructions for the body louse. 



1. All body and bed-linen and clothes should be baked or sterilized by boiling. 



2. Unguentum staphisagriae should be applied to neck-bands of vests and shirt in 

 the region of the neck. 



3. Alkaline baths to soothe the irritated skin. 



Flowers of sulphur sprinkled in the bed and in the clothes is very useful. 



Major Lelean recommends: A 2-inch loose-woven bandage is made into a 

 tubular bag. Into this bag 2 teaspoonsful of the following powder is poured and 

 evenly distributed.: 



Naphthalene 96% 



lodoform 2% 



Creasote 2% 



The bag is then tied round the waist, and it is said that all lice are killed within 

 twenty-four hours. 



Moor head advises the dusting of flowers of sulphur on the clothes but many re- 

 ports indicate the inefficiency of this method. 



For head lice Fernet recommends : 



1. Prevention: hair to be kept close cropped and clean. 



2. For the nits: wipe them off with a solution of i in 30 carbolic acid. 



3. For the lice themselves: Unguentum hydrargyri ammoniat. dil. (gi. xto i oz.), 

 or any fatty, sticky body well rubbed into the back of the head. Paraffin lamp-oil 

 (kerosene) also good, but not to be used near a naked flame or light. 



Blanchard considers camphorated alcohol or warm vinegar containing i to 1000 

 of corrosive sublimate as useful for head lice. He also suggests the fumigation of 

 clothes with tobacco as valuable for body lice. 



Castellani and Jackson have gone most extensively into the matter of louse des- 

 truction. Their conclusions are as follows: i. In regard to solid and liquid insecti- 

 cides, the substances which have been found to be deleterious to body-lice are, in 

 the order of their efficiency: Kerosene oil, vaseline, guaiacol, anise preparations, 

 iodoform, lysol, cyllin and similar preparations, carbolic acid solution, naphthaline, 

 camphor. 



ran 







