480 APPENDIX 



A. Anatomical normals of adult males. Averages. 



Adrenals. The two adrenals together weigh about % ounce (10 grams) or 

 grams each. 



Brain. Weight 50 ounces (1400 grams). 



Heart. Weight, n ounces (310 grams). Length, 5 inches (125 mm.). Breadth, 

 3^ inches (87 mm.). Thickness, wall, left ventricle, ^ inch (9 mm.), right ven- 

 tricle, Ko inch (2.5 mm.). Circumference, mitral orifice, 4% inches (10.5 cm.). 

 Circumference, tricuspid orifice, 5 inches (12.5 cm.). Circumference, aortic orifice, 

 3*4 inches (8 cm.). Circumference, pulmonary orifice, 3% inches (9 cm.). 



Intestines. Small intestine, 24 feet. Large intestine, 5 feet. Duodenum, 10 

 inches. 



Kidneys. The average weight of both kidneys is about n ounces (310 grams). 

 The left kidney weighs about 6 ounces (160 grams), and the right about 5^ ounces 

 (150 grams). The thickness of cortex is about ^i inch. 



Liver. Weight 45 to 50 ounces (1600 grams). Greatest transverse diameter, 9 

 inches (25 cm.). Greatest antero-posterior diameter, 4^ inches (n cm.). 



Lungs. Combined weight 39 ounces (uoo grams). Right lung about 2 ounces 

 heavier than left. 



Pancreas. The weight of this organ, like the spleen, is quite variable. An 

 average weight would be about 2^ ounces (70 grams). 



Spleen. Weight 6 ounces. (175 grams). Length 5 inches (12.5 cm.). Breadth, 

 3 inches (7.5 cm.). Thickness, i% inches (3 cm.).' 



Testes. The left testicle is slightly larger than the right and its weight is about 

 % of an ounce (20 to 24 grams). 



B. Physiological Normals. 



Blood. 



Specific gravity 1041 to 1067 



Specific gravity (blood-serum) 1026 to 1032. 



Haemoglobin 14%. 



Serum albumin 4.52%. 



Paraglobulin 3.10%. 



Fibrinogen 0.42%. 



Glucose 0.84 to 0.1%. 



Sodium chloride 0.65%. 



Cholesterol 0.15%. 



Non-protein N 25 to 35 mg. in 100 grams blood. 



Urea N 1 2 to 23 mg. in 100 grams blood. 



Uric acid i to 2 mg. in 100 grams blood. 



Creatinin /. . . . i to 2 mg. in 100 grams blood. 



Cerebro-spinal fluid. 



Specific gravity 1007 to 1010. 



Urea o.oi to 0.05%. 



Total proteid 0.025% (Albumin not present normally). 



Pressure of fluid 5 to 7.5 mm. mercury or 60 to 100 mm 



water. 



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