66 ANATOMY OP THE HEAD AND NECK. 



communicates anteriorly with the frontal sinuses and ant< 

 rior ethmoidal cells, and near its middle is a small oblique 

 aperture the size of a crow-quill, which leads to the cavity 

 of the antrum. The inferior meatus, overhung by the 

 inferior turbinated bone, also extends the whole length of 

 the nasal fossa; at its anterior part is the opening of the 

 nasal duct, and on a level with this, but more posteriorly, 

 the Eustachian tube, which connects the cavity of the tym- 

 panum with the pharynx, may be seen. 



The mucous membrane which lines the fossae and mea- 

 tuses is continuous with the skin anteriorly, and the 

 pharyngeal mucous membrane posteriorly, and is called 

 the pituitary or Schneiderian membrane. 



DISSECTION X. 



TONGUE. 



The TONGUE is made up of muscular fibres, interspersed 

 with fat and cellular tissue, and enveloped by mucous 

 membrane. It is separated by a fibrous septum into two 

 lateral halves, and is attached by its base to the Ivyoid bone ; 

 anteriorty it is connected, by a fold of mucous membrane, 

 called the frenum linguae, with the symphysis of the lower 

 jaw, and posteriorly with the epiglottis, by a central and 

 two lateral folds of mucous membrane, called collectively 

 the glosso-epiglottidean ligament ; the central fold is called 

 the frenum epigloltidix. On each side of the frenum linguae 

 is a papilla, which marks the orifice of the duct of Wharton 

 (p. 47). On each side of the frenum there is also a promi- 

 nence caused by the sublingual gland; this is a flattened 

 and elongated conglomerate gland, similar to the other 

 salivary glands, but smaller ; it pours its secretion into the 

 mouth by numerous small orifices, called the Eimnian 

 ducts, which open on each side of the frenum. 



The upper surface of the tongue is covered with numer- 

 ous papillae, called from their shape conical and filiform ; 

 the latter are most numerous along its sides ; scattered 

 among these are a few more prominent papillae, which from 

 being larger at the top than at the base are hence called 

 fungiform. At the base of the tongue, arranged across it 

 in the shape of the letter V, are eight or terf papillae called 



