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TONGUE. 67 



('(tliril'orm, or circun^vallatss ; they are pedunculated, and 

 surrounded by a fold of mucous membrane ; at the apex of 

 the two rows of these papillae is a deep mucous follicle, 

 called the foramen csecum. 



Some of the muscles of the tongue have been already described and 

 divided; their lingual ending may be further followed out, and the 

 intrinsic muscles dissected by removing the mucous membrane; to 

 o this the tongue should be fixed, by large pins driven through it, 

 the table on which it lies. 



The HYO-GLOSSUS MUSCLE arises from the greater and lesser 

 cornua and body of the os hyoides, and is inserted beneath 

 the stylo-glossns into the sitle of the tongue. That portion 

 of the muscle which arises from the body of the hyoid bone 

 and passes obliquely backward, has been called the basio- 

 glopsus ; that from the great cornn passes forward, which 

 has been called the cerato-glossus ; while a few fibres from 

 the lesser coruu, spreading along the side of the tongue, 

 have been named the chondro-glossus. These names were 

 applied to the different parts of the muscle by Albinus. 

 The existence of the chondro-glossus is disputed. 



Between the hyo-glossus and the genio-hyo-glossus mus- 

 cles, and connected with that portion of the hyo-glossus 

 described as the chondro-glossus, is a bundle of fibres run- 

 ning longitudinally from the base to the apex of the tongue ; 

 this is called the inferior lingualis muscle. The superior 

 linyiialis muscle is a thinner and less distinct band of fibres 

 just beneath the mucous membrane upon thedorsum of the 

 tongue, arising from thefrenum epiglottidis, and extending 

 forward to its apex. 



The hyo-glossus must be divided at its hyoid attachment, and 

 reflected, in order to expose the next muscle. 



The GENIO-HYO-GLOSSUS MUSCLE is triangular in shape ; 

 it arises from the symphysis of the lower jaw, above the 

 genio-hyoid muscle, and expanding fan-shaped, is inserted 

 into the whole length of the tongue and into the body of 

 the hyoid bone ; by making a longitudinal section of the 

 tongue in the median line, the direction of its fibrae will be 

 plainly visible. 



A section thus made will also show the fibrous septum 

 which separates the tongue into two halves, giving to it 

 the character of duality which belongs to all the special 

 senses; although rudimentary in the human species, this 



