NECK. 2G3 



The epiglottis may be seen by depressing the tongue with 

 a spatula. 



The student should practice himself upon the dead sub- 

 ject in the extraction of teeth. 



NECK. 



The external jugular vein follows a course indicated by 

 a line drawn from the angle of the lower jaw to the middle 

 of the clavicle. 



The common carotid artery, in the male, bifurcates at a 

 point on a level with the upper border of the thyroid car- 

 tilage ; in the female, opposite the middle of this cartilage. 



The anterior border of the sterno-mastoid muscle covers 

 the common, as well as the external and internal carotid 

 arteries, the direction of which is indicated by a line drawn 

 from midway between the anterior border of the mastoid 

 process of the temporal bone and the ascending ramus of 

 the lower jaw, to a point half an inch outside of the sterno- 

 clavicular articulation. The common carotid is more deeply 

 situated at the base of the neck than higher up, and its 

 position in this part of its course corresponds to the in- 

 terval between the sternal and clavicular attachments of 

 the sterno-mastoid muscle. The artery may be compressed 

 against the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae. 

 The posterior border of the sterno-mastoid muscle corre- 

 sponds to the posterior border of the scalenus anticus mus- 

 cle, which lies beneath it, and is, in part, the guide to the 

 subclavian artery. 



In the adult subject the rings of the trachea commence 

 one and a half inches above the sternum; by throwing 

 back the head an additional half inch may be exposed. 

 The upper three rings are covered by the isthmus of the 

 thyroid body. The trachea grows deeper as it descends, 

 and at the base of the neck is sometimes an inch and a half 

 from the surface. The cricoid cartilage can always be felt 

 even in infants ; it corresponds to the fifth cervical verte- 

 bra. The commencement of the oesophagus is immediately 

 behind this cartilage. 



The pulsations of the subclavian artery may be felt, 

 deeply, behind the clavicle, in the interval between the 

 posterior border of the sterno-mastoid and the anterior 

 border of the trapezius muscles. By pressure downward 

 and backward, the artery may be compressed against the 



