38 PRACTICAL FORESTRY. 



pletely under, then cut it off at the upper end even with 

 the cross-cut in the stock, so that it will fit in smoothly. 

 In fig. 6 a bud is shown, taken out after the upper end 

 has been cut off, as directed, and on this is also shown a 

 portion of a leaf-stalk, usually left attached for conven- 

 ience in handling the bud, as well as to protect it from 

 injury. After the bud is inserted, it is secured in place 

 by a ligature, which may be of bass bark, a strip of thin 

 cloth, woollen yarn, or any similar material that will hold 

 the bud and bark in place, until a union is formed. The 

 point of the bud and leaf-stalk attached should, of 

 course, be left exposed. The stock into which a bud is 

 inserted should not, as a rule, be over an inch in diame- 

 ter or less than a half inch, although much 

 larger and smaller are often used. After the 

 bud has firmly united with the stock which 

 will usually be in two or three weeks the 

 ligature should be loosened or removed entirely. 

 The bud is not expected to push into growth 

 until the following season, at which time the 

 stock above the bud should be cut away and the 

 bud allowed to grow undisturbed. If sprouts 

 appear on the stock they must be removed, in 

 Fio . 6 order that all the strength may go into the bud. 

 THE 5 BUD The horizontal incision in the stock is some- 

 times made below or at the bottom of the per- 

 pendicular one, and the bud thrust under the bark, but 

 upward, or the reverse of the more usual method, this 

 permits the downward flow of the sap to reach the bud 

 in a more direct course than when the cross-cut is made 

 above it. It is not a convenient method, but is some- 

 times desirable when the flow of sap is rather sluggish, 

 as it often is late in the season. 



When a bud is taken from the shoot in the usual way, 

 there is a small slice of wood remaining under the eye, 

 which, in budding some kinds of plants, it may be de- 



