54 PEACTICAL FORESTRY. 



men who have all the necessary facilities for the rapid 

 multiplication of the different kinds of tender as well as 

 hardy plants. 



LAYERS. 



All the different species of evergreens that can be prop- 

 agated from cuttings may also be layered in the same 

 manner as directed for deciduous trees, but it is seldom 

 practised to any considerable extent, except with dwarf 

 and trailing species. Plants produced by layer are usually 

 rather straggling in habit, and if of naturally upright 

 growing species, it requires more pruning and care to 

 get the plants into good form than with those raised 

 from cuttings. A mere twisting, coiling, or notching of 

 the branch, so as to partially separate the wood and bark 

 at the joint to be covered by earth, is usually all that is 

 required to increase the production of roots. Several 

 branches may be layered from one plant, or all that are 

 in a convenient position to be bent down and covered 

 with earth. 



CHAPTER VIII. 

 DECIDUOUS TREES FROM CUTTINGS. 



There are quite a number of different species of trees 

 that are usually propagated from cuttings of the ripe 

 wood, instead of from seed, as it requires less skill to 

 multiply them in this way than any other. Among these 

 I may mention the willows, poplar, buttonwood, a few of 

 the maples, some of the alders, etc. Those which grow 

 freely,like the willows and poplars, require no special prep- 

 aration, and the cuttings may be taken off in spring or 

 fall in warm climates, and immediately planted out, and 

 the cuttings may be of almost any size, from a few inches 

 long to several feet, and be made of one-year-old wood, 



