FOREST TREES. 99 



of cultivation for this purpose. I will remark here that some 

 botanists place all the species of horse-chestnuts with smooth 

 fruits under the generic name of Pavia, and the rough under 

 j?Esculus ; but as some have fruit intermediate between the two, 

 I have followed the most common arrangement, placing all 

 under one generic name. The following are native species : 



Kscnius California. California Horse-Chestnut. Leaves com- 

 posed of five slender-stalked leaflets. Flowers white, or tinged 

 with rose, borne in long, raceme-like panicles. Fruit large, 

 with a few rough points on the pod, enclosing the smooth nuts. 

 A small tree or small shrub, varying greatly in size, according 

 to locality and soil. Wood soft, and of no value. Indigenous 

 to California. 



JE. parviflora. Dwarf Buckeye. Leaves composed of from 

 five to seven leaflets ; soft, downy underneath. Flowers white, 

 in a long, erect raceme, appearing late in spring, or in the North 

 about mid-summer. Fruit smooth. Seeds small. Native of the 

 Southern States, but extensively cultivated in the Northern 

 States as an ornamental shrub. 



J2. glabra. Fetid, or Ohio Buckeye. Leaflets five ; quite 

 smooth. Flowers yellow, or yellowish white, in rather short 

 panicles. Fruit prickly and rough. Only a moderate-sized, 

 tall, slender tree, common west of the Alleghanies, Virginia, 

 Tennessee, Ohio, and Missouri. Wood rather soft and of but 

 little value. 



JJM flava. Yellow, or Sweet Buckeye. Leaves with five to 

 seven smooth leaflets. Flowers yellow, in a short, compact 

 raceme. Fruit large, smooth, or with a rough, leathery surface, 

 the pods often assuming a bright-yellow color when mature in 

 the fall. Native of Indiana, and southward along the Alleghany 

 Mountains to Northern Alabama and Georgia, and westward to 

 the Indian Territory. This is quite a variable species ; some- 

 times only a large shrub, while in favorable soils it grows to a 

 large tree sixty to seventy feet high, with stem two or more feet 

 in diameter. When planted singly, and when the branches are 

 not crowded, it forms a globular head of handsome proportions. 

 Wood light, soft, and not inclined to split, and used for troughs, 

 bread trays, wooden bowls, shuttles, where a light, rather tough 

 wood will answer. There is a native variety of this species, 

 known as the Purple Buckeye, that has both calyx and petals 

 tinged with purple, 



