FOKEST TREES. 159 



those of the Hickory (carya), the staminate catkins produced 

 from the previous year's wood, long, solitary, or in pairs. Fer- 

 tile flowers solitary, or few in a short terminal spike; the calyx 

 adhering to the ovary. Fruit fleshy, enclosing an irregularly 

 rough nut. Wood of all valuable. 



Jnglans Californica, Watson. California Walnut. Leaves more 

 or less downy. Leaflets five to eight pairs, oblong-lanceolate, 

 acute, narrowing upward from near the base, and two to two- 

 and a half inches long. Fruit round, slightly compressed, 

 about an inch in diameter, shell rather thin, with two broad 

 cavities upon each side. A tree or large shrub near San Fran- 

 cisco, and on the Sacramento a tree forty to sixty feet high, and 

 stems two to four feet in diameter. Also in Southern Calif or^ 

 nia, Arizona, New Mexico, and in Sonora, Mexico. 



J. cincroa, L. Butternut. Leaflets oblong-lanceolate, pointed, 

 rounded at the base, downy, especially underneath, and the> 

 petioles and branchlets with clammy hairs. Fruit oblong, 

 clammy, and the nut deeply sculptured and with ragged sharp 

 ridges ; kernel sweet, rich, and oily. A well-known tree with 

 gray bark, and only slightly furrowed on the stems of old 

 trees. Wood light- colored, only moderately hard, very dur- 

 able, and considered valuable for cabinet work and various 

 other purposes. The inner bark has long been used for color- 

 ing cloth, and the historic "Butternut color" is not quite ex- 

 tinct, although not so common as it was a half century ago. 



A large tree in the bottoms along our northern rivers ; some- 

 times sixty feet in hight, and stem two feet or more in diame- 

 ter. A rapid growing tree, readily raised from the nuts, ana 

 can be safely transplanted at almost any age, especially when 

 raised in nurseries and moved when young. A common tree 

 in nearly all of our Northern States, and southward along tho 

 mountains. 



J. iiiirrsi. Black Walnut. Leaflets eleven to twenty-one, ovate- 

 lanceolate, slightly pubescent beneath, pointed, slightly heart- 

 shaped at base ; neither leaves, stalks, or fruit clammy, as in 

 the last. Fruit large, round, somewhat dotted, but not fur- 

 rowed. Shell of nut black, or dark brown, very rough ; kernel 

 large, very oily, and a strong, rather disagreeable flavor, but 

 not at all poisonous as sometimes stated. Wood of a dark, 

 rich brown color, rather hard and firm, but susceptible of a 

 high polish, and probably more extensively employed for first- 

 class cabinet work than any other native wood. It is also ex- 



