TREES. . 203 



and remain on the trees until spring. Acorns biennial and 

 quite small. A large tree, North Carolina to Florida. 



Q. lubata, Nee. Lobed-leaf Oak. Leaves deciduous, two to 

 four inches long, downy beneath, oblong or ovate, deeply- lobed, 

 lobes sometimes toothed or lobe-dentate. Acorns elongated- 

 conical, one to two and a fourth inches long, usually pointed. 

 Cup deeply hemispherical, almost always strongly tubercula- 

 ted. A large tree, with smooth, slender, and often pendant 

 branches. Common throughout the State of California. Wood 

 said to be brittle, and bark on old trees four or five inches thick. 



Q. lyrata, Walt. Over-cup Oak, Post Oak. Leaves five to 

 eight inches long, crowded at the ends of the branches, downy 

 or pale beneath, narrowed at base, obovate-oblong, seven to 

 nine lobes, the lobes triangular, acute and entire. Acorn round- 

 ish, and nearly enclosed in the round-ovate cup with rugged 

 scales. Acorns ripen the first season. A large tree in the 

 swamps of North Carolina to Florida, and sparingly in Arkan- 

 sas. Not very abundant. Wood said to be excellent, resemb- 

 ling that of the White Oak. 



Q. niatToiarpa, Michx. Burr Oak, Mossy-cup Oak. Leaves 

 large, eight to fifteen inches long, thin, obovate-oblong, slightly 

 downy beneath, narrowed at the base, stalk short, slightly or 

 strongly, and many-lobed, the lobes rounded and mostly entire. 

 Fruit large, scales of the cup thick, the upper ones producing 

 long, fringe-like awns. Acorn an inch to an inch and a half 

 long, half enclosed in the cup A large tree, sixty to eighty 

 feet high, with stem four feet or over in diameter. One is 

 mentioned in Vol. I, North American Sylva, as growing in Ohio, 

 with a stem seventeen feet in diameter, at six feet above the 

 ground, and the tree one hundred feet high. The young twigs 

 and branches are somewhat corky. Wood coarse-grained, of 

 little value, except for fuel. A widely distributed tree in our 

 Northern States, but not very abundant, except in the Western 

 or from Ohio south and west. 



Q. Mnhlenbergii, Engelm. Yellow Chestnut Oak. Leaves thin, 

 five to six inches long, one and a half to two broad, pale be- 

 neath, sharply serrate, with incurved teeth, and either lanceo- 

 late, with a long point, or broadly ovate or obovate, sometimes 

 seven inches long and five wide. A small or medium-sized tree, 

 with flaky, pale ash-colored thin bark, and very tough wood ; 

 light yellowish or brown when mature, whence probably the 

 popular name of yellow oak. Occurs scatteringly throughout 



