274 PRACTICAL FORESTRY. 



grained and much inclined to warp and shrink when cut into 

 boards and plank. A common tree in swamps, and old fields 

 and woods throughout the Southern Atlantic States, from the 

 southern part of Delaware, Virginia, and south to Florida, and 

 also sparingly westward to Eastern Texas. 



! P. tubercnlata, D. Don. Tuberculated-Coned Pine, California 

 Pine. Leaves in threes, four to seven inches long, from a short, 

 smooth sheath, slightly serrulate, and of a bright-green color. 

 Cones three to four inches long, oblong-conical, and about two 

 inches in diameter, in small clusters, very persistent, pendu- 

 lous, of a gray color, the scales angular- tipped, with a sharp, 

 stout prickle. A small tree, thirty to forty feet high, with stem 

 eight to twelve inches in diameter. Wood hard, dark-colored, 

 but too small to be of much value, except for fuel. In the 

 Coast Ranges of California and southward. 



FOREIGN SPECIES AXD VARIETIES. 



Of the foreign species of the Pine there are quite a large num- 

 ber that thrive equally as well with us as those from our own 

 forests, and a few of them may prove even better adapted to 

 certain soils or situations than any of our indigenous species, 

 but this can only be determined through more extended ex- 

 perience with the latter. A few species of the European Pines 

 have been quite extensively cultivated in this country for orna- 

 mental purposes, as well as for screens and wind-breaks, proba- 

 bly because they were to be obtained more cheaply at the nur- 

 series than the best of our native species, but whatever the 

 cause, the fact is quite apparent that several of the European 

 Pines have long been favorite ornamental trees in our Atlantic 

 States, where large and old specimens can be seen in great 

 abundance. Nearly all the species of the Pine indigenous to 

 the cooler region of Europe and Asia, are quite hardy in our 

 Northern States, while those from warmer climates, including 

 Mexico, do well in the South, but I shall only refer to a few of 

 the best known, and to these very briefly. 



P. Austriaca, Hoess. Austrian Pine. Leaves two in a sheath, 

 long, slender, rigid, incurved, and sharply -pointed. Cones two 

 to three inches long, conical, slightly recurved. Scales smooth, 

 with a dull spine in the center. A well known and now com- 

 mon tree, but of comparative recent introduction, and said not 

 to have been known in Great Britain previous to 1835, but has 

 been raised in such immense quantities that for many years the 



