LOWER PLIOCENE FAUNAS. 



199 



occupied by the Turkish Archipelago, and extended eastwards as far 

 as Persia; Palceotragus being a smaller but allied form. The Bovidce 

 are represented by antelopes, most of which present a marked 

 Ethiopian facies, although Tragoceros (probably the direct descen- 

 dant of the Miocene Protragoceros} is an aberrant form, with 

 compressed horn-cores like those of the goats. And it may be 

 remarked that most of the Pikermi antelopes have short-crowned 

 molar teeth, in which respect they resemble the existing eland, 

 kudu, and their allies. Of the Pliocene. forms, Palczorias, which is 

 common to Southern Europe and Algeria, seems to be inter- 



FlG. 45. SKULL OF Palczorias. 



mediate between the kudus (Strepsiceros) and elands (Orias}\ 

 while the so-called Protragelaphus is so closely allied to the 

 existing Ethiopian harnessed antelopes (Tragelaphus) as to be 

 included by some in the same genus. On the other hand, 

 Palaoryx is nearly related to the gemsbok and its allies (Oryx), 

 although with certain resemblances to the sable antelope group 

 (Hippotragus). Gazelles (Gazella}, which are essentially inhabi- 



