VIII.] 



PRIMATES. 



269 



ence there, it would seem that the region must be regarded as the 

 original home of the larger man-like apes. The smaller long- 

 armed apes known as gibbons (Hylobates) are likewise characteristic 

 of the Oriental region, where they range from Assam through the 

 Burmese and Malayan countries to Hainan and Cambodia. In 

 the upper Miocene these apes occurred in Central Europe, but 

 perhaps on account of their small size their remains have not 

 hitherto been obtained from the Indian Pliocene. Among the 

 Cercopithecidcz the Oriental genera of monkeys are now entirely 

 distinct from those of Ethiopia, although, as we have seen, the 



FIG. 60. SLOW LORIS (Nycticebus tardigradus). 



African genus Papio occurs in the Indian Pliocene and in Madras 

 survived till the Plistocene. And here it may be noticed that this 

 is the only one of the Ethiopian genera of monkeys that is found 

 in Arabia. Of the other genera, Macacus is mainly Oriental, 

 although with representatives in northern Africa, Kashmir, Tibet, 

 and Japan ; while the langurs (Semnopithecus] are likewise almost 

 wholly confined to this region, although they range into Kashmir 

 and eastern Tibet. As both these genera are found in the 

 European and Indian Pliocene, they are evidently ancient types 

 which were formerly widely spread in the eastern half of the Old 



