VIII.] UNGULATA. 28 1 



known as muntjacs (Cervulus) which are characterised by the 

 length of the pedicles of the antlers and the shortness of the antlers 

 themselves form a very characteristic Oriental group, ranging over 

 the entire region. Not improbably they are represented in the 

 Pliocene of Europe. 



The chevrotains, or TragulidcK^ which have already been shown 

 to be abundant in the European Oligocene and Miocene remains 

 of the West African genus occurring in the latter deposits and 

 the Indian Pliocene are represented in the Oriental region by 

 Tragulus, which dates from the Siwalik epoch, and ranges from 

 India and Ceylon to the Philippines. Although wild camels are 

 now everywhere unknown, it is probable that India and the 

 Holarctic region was their original home, remains of the genus 

 Camelus being found in the Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills. 



The large number of species of true pigs (Sus} characterising 

 the Oriental region is a notable feature, India itself being in- 

 habited by a species (Sus cristatus] nearly allied to the European 

 wild boar, while the Malayan sub-region is the home of a consider- 

 able number of species differing more or less markedly from the 

 latter. The genus is well represented both in the Pliocene and 

 Plistocene of India, but in neither of these formations are there 

 any of the Ethiopian types of the family. 



With the exception of the Ethiopian, the Oriental region is now 

 the sole one where the family Rhino cerotida still exists ; but there 

 is a remarkable difference between the species inhabiting the two 

 areas, all the three living Asiatic forms being furnished with teeth 

 in the front of the jaws, which, as we have seen in the last chapter, 

 are wanting in the African species. While one of the Oriental 

 rhinoceroses (R. sondaicus} ranges from eastern Bengal to the 

 Malayan islands, and a second (R. sumatrensis) from Assam to 

 the same, the great Indian species (R. unicornis) is unknown to 

 the eastward of Assam, as it is in Ceylon. Fossil remains of the 

 latter are found in the Plistocene of the Narbada valley, while 

 ancestral types both of this species and of R. sondaicus are met 

 with in the Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills. It is, however, very 

 remarkable that Ethiopian types of the genus occur not only in 

 the last-named deposits, but likewise in the Plistocene of Madras ; 

 the total extinction of this group in India being, as in the case of 



