IX.] LIST OF THE FAUNA. 317 



6. Polar bear ( Ursus maritimus). P. 



7. Sea-otter (Latax lutris). 



8. Pine-marten (Mustela martes). American marten (M. 



ameHcana). 



9. Weasel (Mustela vulgaris). 



10. Wolverene (Gulo luscus). 



11. Walrus (Trichechus rosmarus). 



12. Arctic vole (Microtus rutilus). P. 



13. Common lemming (Myodes lemmus). American lemming 



(M. obensis). 



14. Banded lemming (Cuniculus torquatus). P. 



15. European beaver (Castor fiber}. American beaver (C. 



canadensis]. 



1 6. Mountain hare (Lepus timidus^}. 



17. Bison (Bos bison). American bison (B. americanus). 



1 8. Kamschatkan sheep (Ovis nivicola). Bighorn (O. cana- 



densis}. 



19. Musk-ox (Ovibos moschatus). 



20. Central Asian deer (Cervus eustephanus). Wapiti (C. 



canadensis}. 



2 1 . Elk (Alces machlis}. 



22. Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus}. 



If the Plistocene be taken into consideration there may be 

 added the mammoth (Elephas primigenius) and the horse (Equus 

 caballus), remains of both of which have been discovered in 

 Eschscholtz Bay, where those of the European bison also occur. 



In this list it may be noticed that the North American lynx is 

 so closely allied to the European form that it has been a question 

 whether it is really more than a local variety. Although the 

 American wolf has been separated as a distinct species, it is now 

 generally identified with the European form ; the same being also 

 the case with the so-called cross-fox of North America, which, 

 together with another form from the Himalaya, and a third from 

 North Africa, may be considered a mere variety of the ordinary 



1 This name is commonly applied to the English hare, although it properly 

 belongs to the more northern species. The so-called Polar hare (Z. glacialis) 

 of Arctic America appears to be only a variety. 



