IX.] 



EASTERN DIVISION. 



325 



during the Plistocene epoch extended as far westwards as Germany, 

 France, and England. The chiru, as the representative of the 

 second genus is called, is, on the other hand, an exclusively 

 Tibetan form ; and it is believed that a fossil species occurs in the 

 later Tertiary formations of the same area, where, curiously enough, 

 a rhinoceros also existed. Although gazelles (Gazella) have repre- 

 sentatives in both the Oriental and Ethiopian regions, they are 

 mainly characteristic of the desert districts of the eastern Holarctic 

 region, being especially numerous in North Africa, Syria, and parts 





FIG. 68. MUSK-DEER (Moschus moschiferus). 



of Central Asia. An inhabitant of the cooler regions of Asia, 

 where it extends from the south of Siberia to Kashmir and Cochin 

 China, the musk-deer (Moschus) represents a peculiar sub-family 

 of the Cervidoe, confined to the region under consideration. A 

 second species has been described from Kansu, in north-western 

 China, and it is not improbable that the genus is also represented 

 in the Indian Siwaliks. Although agreeing with the musk-deer in 

 the absence of antlers and the presence of long tusks in the upper 



