326 THE HOLARCTIC REGION. [CHAP. 



jaw of the males, the Chinese water-deer (Hydropotes), from the 

 valley of the Yang-tsi-kiang, belongs to the more typical Cervidce. 

 Another genus (Elaphodus) more nearly allied to the muntjacs is 

 also Asiatic, being represented by one species from near Ningpo, 

 in China, and by a second from Moupin, in eastern Tibet. Of 

 the true deer (Cervus) there are two groups confined to the area 

 under consideration. Firstly, there is the elaphurine group, repre- 

 sented solely by the aberrant David's deer (C. davidianus\ of 

 northern China; and, secondly, we have the damine group, of 

 which the fallow deer (C. dama) of the Mediterranean countries 

 and the Persian fallow deer (C. mesopotamicus] are the living 

 forms. Allied types occur in the East Anglian Forest-bed, and 

 the gigantic extinct Irish deer (C. gigantens] must likewise be 

 included in the group, all the members of which have the antlers 

 more or less palmated. 



As regards the camels (Camelus), there is some difficulty in 

 arriving at a satisfactory conclusion, since although a feral race of 

 the Asiatic C. bactrianus is met with in the deserts bordering Kash- 

 gar, it is now pretty well ascertained that really wild camels exist 

 nowhere in the world. Still, however, as fossil species of the 

 genus are met with in the Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills (on the 

 borders of the Oriental and Holarctic regions) and in the Plisto- 

 cene of Algeria, it is probable that the group is of Holarctic origin 1 . 



The foregoing survey may be summarised as follows : the 

 names of such genera or groups as are mainly or exclusively con- 

 fined to the eastern division of the Holarctic region being printed 

 in italic type. 



Insect! vora. 



SORICID^:. Crossopus. 



Diplomesodon. C. Asia. 

 Nectogale. Tibet. 



TALPID/E. Uropsilus. \ _.. 



_, -V \ E. Tibet. 



Scaptonyx. ) 



Talpa. Also enters Oriental. 

 URSID^E. sEluropus. Tibet. 



MUSTELID^E. Meles. Enters E. Oriental. 



1 See page 281. 



