10 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. [PROC. 30 SER. 



of the watershed so rapidly that the drainage has not had 

 time to adjust itself to the changed conditions. 



Bays. The coast of the island, particularly on the land- 

 ward side, is indented with numerous bays. On the north side, 

 partly on account of less active cutting along the coast, and 

 partly on account of the more open canons whose submerg- 

 ence has produced the bays, they are wider, and generally 

 furnish safe landing places. On the other side of the island, 

 although there are numerous recesses in the shore-line (par- 

 ticularly of the west end), these openings are generally 

 surrounded by high cliffs, and there are only two bays, 

 Catalina Harbor at the isthmus, and Little Harbor. 



Beaches. Several canons on the south side of the island, 

 while not forming bays, have beaches at their mouths. In 

 many cases, both here and on the northern coast, the beaches 

 have been built up by wave action so as to form along the 

 shore a barrier from five to ten feet higher than the area just 

 behind. The beaches, in general, consist of coarse, well 

 rounded, and flattened shingle, though one or two excep- 

 tions were seen where the beach was largely composed of a 

 rather fine sand. Apart from the beaches which mark the 

 entrance to the larger canons, there are a few very narrow 

 beaches for short stretches at the base of the cliffs, only 

 on the landward side. These are in general accessible only 

 at low water. 



The beaches as a rule are curved in outline, concave to- 

 ward the ocean. A marked exception to this is seen in the 

 projecting, tongue-like, Pebbly Beach. This has been built 

 up by the opposing action of two series of waves, which, 

 coming from either direction along the coast, meet at this 

 point. Not only does the beach exhibit the barrier-like 

 character mentioned above, but its outer surface shows a 

 series of narrow terraces formed by the waves. As many 

 as six were seen at one point. 



Another form is shown in the hook which marks the en- 

 trance to Catalina Harbor, and is known as Ballast Point. 

 This is built of coarse shingle, some of the material compos- 



