BOOK VIII. 



289 



nately backward and forward. By this movement the small particles 

 fall through the bottom of the sieve. In order that the end of the pole 

 may be easily placed in the rope, a stick, two palms long, holds open the 

 lower part of the rope as it hangs double, each end of the rope being tied to 

 the beam ; part of the rope, however, hangs beyond the stick to a length of 

 half a foot. A large box is also used for this purpose, of which the bottom 

 is either made of a plank full of holes or of iron netting, as are the other 

 boxes. An iron bale is fastened from the middle of the planks which form 

 its sides ; to this bale is fastened a rope which is suspended from a wooden 

 beam, in order that the box may be moved or tilted in any direction. 



A Box. B BALE. C ROPE. D BEAM. E HANDLES. F FIVE-TOOTHED RAKE. 

 G SIEVE. H ITS HANDLES. I POLE. K ROPE. L TIMBER. 



There are two handles on each end, not unlike the handles of a wheel- 

 barrow ; these are held by two workmen, who shake the box to and fro. 

 This box is the one principally used by the Germans who dwell in the 

 Carpathian mountains. The smaller particles are separated from the larger 

 ones by means of three boxes and two sieves, in order that those which 

 pass through each, being of equal size, may be washed together ; for the 

 bottoms of both the boxes and sieves have openings which do not let 

 through broken rock of the size of a hazel nut. As for the dry remnants 



