ADD 



ADH 



are terminated by panicles of fine purple 

 flowers, large, and resembling roses. 



ADAXSONIA, in botany, a genus of the 

 Monadelphia order, and Polyandria class, 

 named after Michael Adanson, an inde- 

 fatigable French naturalist. The A. digi- 

 tata, Ethiopian sour-gourd, or monkies' 

 bread, called also abavo, is the only spe- 

 cies known of this genus. 



ADDER. See COLUBER. 



ADDITION, in arithmetic, the first of 

 the four fundamental rules of that art, 

 whereby we find a sum equal to several 

 smaller ones. See ALGEBRA and ARITH- 

 METIC. 



ADDITIONS, in law, denote all manner 

 of designations given to a man, over and 

 above his proper name and surname, to 

 shew of what estate, degree, mystery, 

 place of abode, &c. he is. 



Additions of degree are the same with 

 titles of honour or dignity, as knight, lord, 

 earl, duke, &c. 



Additions of estate are yeoman, gentle- 

 man, esquire, and the like. 



Additions of mystery, or trade, are, car- 

 penter, mason, painter, engraver, and the 

 like. 



Additions of place, or residence, are, 

 London, Edinburgh, Bristol, York, Glas- 

 gow, Aberdeen, &c. 



These additions were ordained, to pre- 

 vent one man's being grieved, or molest- 

 ed, for another; and that every person 

 might be certainly known, so as to bear 

 his own burthen. 



If a man is of different degrees, as duke, 

 earl, &c. he shall have the most worthy ; 

 and the title of knight, or baronet, is part 

 of the party's name, and therefore ought 

 to be rightly used : whereas that of es- 

 quire, or gentleman, being as people 

 please to call them, may be used, or not, 

 or varied at pleasure. 



A Peer of Ireland is no addition of ho- 

 nour here ; nay, the law-addition to the 

 children of British noblemen is only that 

 of esquire, commonly called lord. 



Writs without the proper additions, if 

 excepted to, shall abate ; only, where the 

 process of outlawry doth not lie, additions 

 are not necessary. The addition of a pa- 

 rish, not in any city, must mention the 

 county, otherwise it is not good. 



ADDITION, in heraldry, something 

 added to a coat of arms, as a mark of ho- 

 nour ; and therefore directly opposite to 

 abatement. 



ADDUCTOR, in anatomy, a general 

 name for all such muscles as serve to draw 

 one part of the body towards another. See 

 ANATOMY. 



ADELIA, in botany, a genus of the 

 Dioecia Gynandria class and order. Male : 

 caiyx three-parted ; no corolla; stamina 

 numerous ; united at the base. Female : 

 calyx five-parted ; no corolla ; styles three, 

 lacerated. Capsule three-grained 



ADENANTHERA, in botany, a genus 

 of the Decandria Monogynia class of 

 plants, the calyx of which is a single-leaved 

 perianthium, very small, and cut into five 

 segments : the corolla consists of five lan- 

 ceolated bell-shaped petals ; the fruit is a 

 long membranaceous compressed pod, 

 containing several round seeds. There 

 are three species : A. paronina, which is 

 one of the largest trees in the East Indies. 

 Its duration is 200 years, and its timber is 

 much used on account of its solidity : the 

 powder of the leaves is used in their reli- 

 gious ceremonies ; the seeds are eaten, 

 and also valued as weights, being each of 

 them four grains This species must be 

 raised on a hot-bed from seeds. It has 

 never flowered in England: it is of very 

 slow growih. The other species, viz. the 

 A. falcata, and A. scandens, have not been 

 cultivated in this country. 



ADENIA, in botany, a genus of the 

 Hexandria Monogynia class and order, 

 that grows in Arabia. There is but one 

 species, which is mentioned by Fo-skal, 

 in his Flor. JEgypt. He says, that the pow- 

 der of the young branches mixed in any 

 kind of liquor is a strong poison, and 

 that the capparis spinosa is an antidote 

 to it. 



ADFECTEDegwafr'os,in algebra, those 

 wherein the unknown quantity is found 

 in two or more different powers : such is 

 xi a^+bx^za* b. 



ADHESION, in philosophy and chemis- 

 try, is a term generally made use of to ex- 

 press the property which certain bodies 

 have, of attracting to themselves other 

 bodies, or the force by which they adhere 

 together : thus, water adheres to the fin- 

 ger, mercury to gold, &c. Hence arises 

 an important distinction between two 

 words, that in a loose and popular sense 

 are often confounded. Adhesion, denotes 

 an union to a certain point between two 

 dissimilar substances ; and cohesion, that 

 which retains together the component 

 particles of the same mass. See COHE- 

 SION. 



Adhesion may take place either be- 

 tween two solids, as two hemispheres of 

 glass, which, according to an experiment 

 of Desaguliers, adhere to each other with 

 a force equal to 19 ounces on a surface of 

 contact one-tenth of an inch in diameter ; 

 or between solids and fluids, as the sus* 



