ALL 



ALL 



c 



5 



t 



Common time. Sometimes in conjunction 

 with another word, placed at the begin- 

 ning of compositions, it is intended to 

 rouse and stimulate the more violent pas- 

 sions. 



ALLEMANDE, in music, a slow air or 

 melody in common time, of four crotchets 

 in a bar. A species of composition, sup- 

 posed from its name to be of German ori- 

 gin. It is found in Handel's harpsichord 

 lessons, and other works of about that 

 date ; but as a sonata movement it is now 

 obsolete. The dance known by this name 

 is still used in Germany and .Switzerland, 

 and is written in common time of two 

 crotchets in a bar. 



ALLEN, (THOMAS,) a celebrated ma- 

 thematician of the 16th century. He was 

 born at Uttoxeter in Staffordshire, in 1542; 

 was admitted a scholar of Trinity Col- 

 lege, Oxford, in 1561 ; where he took his 

 degree of master of arts in 1567. In 1570 

 he quitted his college and fellowship, and 

 retired to Gloucester Hall, where he stu- 

 died very closely, and became famous for 

 his knowledge in antiquities, philosophy, 

 and mathematics. He received an invita- 

 tion from Henry, earl of Northumberland, 

 a great friend and patron of the mathe- 

 maticians, and he spent some time at the 

 Karl's house, where he became acquaint- 

 ed with those celebrated mathematicians, 

 Thomas Harriot, John Dee, Walter War- 

 ner, and Nathaniel Torporley. Robert, 

 Earl of Leicester, too, had a great esteem 

 for Allen, and would have conferred a 

 bishopric upon him ; but his love for soli- 

 tude and retirement made him d ecline the 

 offer. His great skill in the mathematics, 

 gave occasion to the ignorant and vulgar 

 to look upon him as a magician or conju- 

 rer. Allen was very curious and indefati- 

 gable in collecting scattered manuscripts 

 relating to history, antiquity, astronomy, 

 philosophy, and mathematics ; which col- 

 lections have been quoted by several 

 learned authors, and mentioned as in the 

 Bibliotheca Alleniana. He published in 

 Latin the second and third books of Pto- 

 lemy, " Concerning the Judgment of the 

 Stars," or, as it is usually called, of the 

 quadripartite construction, with an expo- 

 sition. He wrote also notes on many of 

 Lilly's books, and some on John Bale's 

 work, "De Scriptoribus Mag. Brittan- 

 niae." He died at Gloucester Hall in 1632, 

 being 90 years of age. 



Mr. Burton, the author of his funeral 

 oration, calls him " the very soul and sun 

 )f all the mathematicians of his age." 

 ^nd Selden mentions him as a person of 

 he most extensive learning and consum- 

 nate judgment, the brightest ornament of 

 VOL. T 



the University of Oxford. Also Camdert 

 says, he was skilled in most of the best 

 arts and sciences. A. Wood has also 

 transcribed part of his character from a 

 manuscript in the library of Trinity Col- 

 lege, in these words : " He studied polite 

 literature with great application ; he was 

 strictly tenacious of academic discipline, 

 always highly esteemed both by foreign- 

 ers and those of the university, and by all 

 of the highest stations of the church of 

 England, and the University of Oxford. 

 He was a sagacious observer, an agreea- 

 ble companion," &c. 



ALLIGATION, in arithmetic, is the 

 rule of mixture, which teaches to com- 

 pound several species of ingredients or 

 commodities together, according to any 

 intent or design proposed ; and is either 

 medial or alternate. 



ALLIGATION, medial, shews the rate or 

 price of any mixtures, \vhen.the several 

 quantities of the mixture, and their rates, 

 are known. 



Rule : multiply each quantity given by 

 the price ; and then, by direct proportion, 

 say s as the sum of the quantities given to 

 the sum of the products ; so is any part 

 of the mixture to the value of that part. 

 Example : a goldsmith melts 3 ounces of 

 gold, at4J. 6s. 8d, per ounce, with twelve 

 ounces at 4-1. per ounce ; and 8 ounces 

 at 41. 5s. per ounce : when they are all 

 melted together, one ounce will be found 

 to be worth 4,1. 2s. --d. Thus, 



12 

 8 



I. s. 



4 o 



450 



d. 



P ruduce 



34 



23 Sum 



oz. I. 



Then as 23 : 95 : : 1 



Sum 95 



iz. I. s. d. 



4 2 7-jTj Ans. 



ALLIGATION, alternate, teaches to mix 

 goods of different prices, in such propor- 

 tion, that the mixture may be sold for any 

 price proposed. 



Rule : set down the names of the things 

 to be mixed, together with their prices ; 

 then finding the difference between each 

 of these, and the proposed price of the 

 mixture, place these differences in an al- 

 ternate order, and they will show the pro- 

 portion of the ingredients. 



ALLIONIA, in botany, so called in ho- 

 nour of Charles Allioni, professor of bota- 

 ny at Turin, a genus of the Tetrandria 

 Monogynia class and order, of the natural 

 order of Aggregate ; the calyx is a peri- 

 anthium common to three flowers ; and 

 the perianthium proper is obsolete supe- 



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